ABSTRACT
Objective@#This study aimed to use an air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure system to simulate the inhalation exposure of motorcycle exhaust particulates (MEPs) and then investigate the benchmark dose (BMD) of MEPs by evaluating cell relative viability (CRV) in lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells.@*Methods@#The MEPs dose was characterized by measuring the number concentration (NC), surface area concentration (SAC), and mass concentration (MC). BEAS-2B cells were exposed to MEPs at different concentrations @*Results@#Our results reveal that BMD of NC and SAC were estimated by the best-fitting Hill model, while MC was estimated by Polynomial model. The BMDL for CRV following ALI exposure to MEPs were as follows: 364.2#/cm @*Conclusion@#These results indicate that MEPs exposure
Subject(s)
Humans , Benchmarking/statistics & numerical data , Bronchi/physiology , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/physiology , Motorcycles , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Vehicle Emissions/analysisABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To establish, measure and analyze quality indicators in the evaluation and enrolment process of patients in a liver transplant program. Methods A quantitative and non-experimental research, with data collected from the database of a liver transplant program, from September 2012 to September 2014. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quality indicators identified. Results We analyzed 1,311 visits in the transplant outpatient clinic, most males (66.7%), white (65.1%), mean age of 53 (±12.5) years, from the Southeastern Region (91.2%), and from the State of São Paulo (80.8%). The indicators measured were efficiency of patient admission process (54.8%), efficiency of evaluation of transplant indication (39.9%), efficacy of treatment of patients seen in the program (21.8%), and waiting time to inclusion in the waiting list, median of 84 days (36-142). Conclusion The quality indicators analyzed in this study enabled a quantitative view of the process, facilitating management of results and benchmarking with other transplant centers. Continuous monitoring can optimize resource allocation and planning of services in patient's admission process.
RESUMO Objetivo Estabelecer, mensurar e analisar indicadores de qualidade no processo de avaliação e admissão dos pacientes em um programa de transplante hepático. Métodos Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa não experimental, com dados coletados a partir do banco de dados da gestão de um programa de transplante hepático entre setembro de 2012 e setembro de 2014. Estatística descritiva foi utilizada para analisar os indicadores de qualidade identificados. Resultados Foram analisados 1.311 atendimentos no ambulatório de transplante, a maioria do sexo masculino (66,7%), branca (65,1%), com média de idade de 53 (±12,5) anos, da Região Sudeste (91,2%) e do Estado de São Paulo (80,8%). Os indicadores mensurados foram eficiência do processo de admissão dos pacientes (54,8%), eficiência da avaliação de indicação ao transplante (39,9%), eficácia do tratamento dos pacientes atendidos no programa (21,8%), e tempo de inclusão na lista de espera, com mediana em 84 dias (36-142). Conclusão Os indicadores de qualidade analisados neste estudo possibilitaram uma visão quantitativa do processo, facilitando o gerenciamento de resultados e o benchmarking entre instituições transplantadoras. O monitoramento contínuo pode otimizar a alocação de recursos e o planejamento de serviços relacionados ao processo de admissão do paciente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Waiting Lists , Liver Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Patient Selection , Benchmarking/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Assessment , Time Factors , Liver Transplantation/standards , Health Facilities , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Olanzapine and risperidone are widely prescribed atypical antipsychotics used in the treatment of schizophrenia and various other psychiatric disorders. Both of these drugs have been extensively reported to cause Type 2 diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis, however, the mechanism of olanzapine and risperidone-induced toxicity has not been so far unveiled. We, therefore, compared the streptozocin-induced pancreatic damage with that of pancreas isolated from olanzapine and risperidone treated rats. It was noticed that fibrotic growth, necrosis and derangement of the pancreatic islet cells caused by streptozocin were more pronounced than olanzapine and risperidone.
Subject(s)
Pancreas/pathology , Benchmarking/statistics & numerical data , Antipsychotic Agents/analysis , Risperidone/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze the stroke units in two centers for the key performance indicators (KPIs) required by the Ministry of Health in Brazil. Methods All 16 KPIs were analyzed, including the percentage of patients admitted to the stroke unit, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the first 48 hours after admission, pneumonia and hospital mortality due to stroke, and hospital discharge on antithrombotic therapy in patients without cardioembolic mechanism. Results Both centers admitted over 80% of the patients in their stroke unit. The incidence of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis was > 85%, that of in-hospital pneumonia was < 13%, the hospital mortality for stroke was < 15%, and the hospital discharge on antithrombotic therapy was > 70%. Conclusion Our results suggest using the parameters of all of the 16 KPIs required by the Ministry of Health of Brazil, and the present results for the two stroke units for future benchmarking.
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar os indicadores de qualidade (IQ) exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde no Brasil em duas unidades de AVC. Métodos Foram analisados os 16 IQ, incluindo a percentagem de pacientes internados na unidade de AVC, profilaxia de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) nas primeiras 48 horas após a admissão; pneumonia e mortalidade hospitalar e alta hospitalar em terapia antitrombótica (TAT) em pacientes sem mecanismo cardioembólico. Resultados Ambos os centros admitiram mais de 80% dos pacientes na unidade de AVC. A profilaxia do TEV foi realizada em mais de 85% dos casos; a pneumonia hospitalar foi inferior a 13%; a mortalidade hospitalar foi menor que 15% e a alta hospitalar em uso de TAT foi acima de 70%. Conclusão O presente estudo sugere os parâmetros dos 16 IQ exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e os resultados obtidos em duas unidades de AVC para avaliação comparativa futura
Subject(s)
Humans , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/standards , Hospital Mortality , Benchmarking/standards , Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/therapy , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Benchmarking/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence , Quality Indicators, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Stroke/mortalityABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To report the initial changes after quality-improvement programs based on STS-database in a Brazilian hospital. METHODS: Since 2011 a Brazilian hospital has joined STS-Database and in 2012 multifaceted actions based on STS reports were implemented aiming reductions in the time of mechanical ventilation and in the intensive care stay and also improvements in evidence-based perioperative therapies among patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgeries. RESULTS: All the 947 patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgeries from July 2011 to June 2014 were analyzed and there was an improvement in all the three target endpoints after the implementation of the quality-improvement program but the reduction in time on mechanical ventilation was not statistically significant after adjusting for prognostic characteristics. CONCLUSION: The initial experience with STS registry in a Brazilian hospital was associated with improvement in most of targeted quality-indicators.